A study on the comparison of Nokia and Samsung handsets Essay

CHAPTER 1 The Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communication and information technology Corporation that is head quartered in Espoo, Finland Nokia was the world’s largest vendor of mobile phones from 1998 to 2012. However, its market has been declined since last five years, with the introduction on touch screen Smartphones from other vendors like iphone by Apple, Galaxy series by Samsung. Initially, Nokia’s mobiles were on Symbian OS but with the increasing competition with Smartphones, Nokia tied up with Microsoft and started using Microsoft’s Windows Phone Operating System. Samsung mobile is a South Korean company head quartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. In 1993, Samsung developed its first lightest mobile. The SCH-800 and it was available on CDMA networks. Then they developed Smartphones and a phone combined mp3 player. At present Samsung are dedicated to the 3G industry. Making video, camera phones at a speed to keep up with consumer demand. Nokia Ab’s history started in 1865 when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a ground Wood Pulp Mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in Southwestern Finland. In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen kilometers (nine miles) West of Tampere, by the Nokianvirta river, which had better hydropower resources. In 1871, Idestam, with the help of close friend and statesman Leo Mechelin renamed and transformed his firm into a share company, thereby founding Nokia Ab. Nokia developed a digital switcher for telephone exchanges and also helped develop the world’s first mobile phone network. By the late 1980’s Nokia had helped develop the GSM (Global Standard for Mobile communications) and had built more than 60 GSM networks in 31 countries around the world. The company name came from the Nokianvirta river, nearby which Polon’s factories were located a few years later. Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-Chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades the group diversified into areas including food processing, textile, insurance securities and retail. Samsung entered the electronic industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid 1970s, these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lee’s death  in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business group- Samsung group, Shinsegae group, CJ group and Hansol group. Since the 1990s Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities, particularly mobile phones and semiconductors have become its most important source of income. Dual SIM: It was an important factors for Samsung in taking over the Market with the release of dual SIM phone. Initially, Nokia was quite rigid till they finally launched their first Dual Sim Mobile Phone. But it was too late and by this Samsung, with its wide range of dual sim mobile, had already captured the market. Basic Features: Samsung integrated with basic features like Color Display, VGA Camera, FM etc with its wide range of Mobile. Initially Nokia concentrated on reliability. Lately, Nokia did also implement these features, but till that time Samsung had captured the section of society who were more interested in having basic features. Battery: Battery is undoubtedly the greatest strength of Nokia. But over the years Samsung did quite a nice job with their R&D and improve their battery quality as well. Smartphone: In today’s world there are huge section users in the society which are more tech savvy. Samsung introduced the smartphone world with galaxy series like Gal axy, Galaxy Ace, Galaxy Fit and Galaxy S Series. Samsung uses the much user friendly Android Operating System by google. Where Nokia stuck to their symbian OS and later with Windows OS. Such wide range of products with user friendly nature helped Samsung to capture the market in very short span of time. Price: It is an important point in capturing the market. There are two sections of mobile user. One which goes for Less Price and other who don’t care about the price. Smartly, Samsung did provide a lot of basic features in low price and also introduced Smartphones series with wide range of products for other section of mobile users. On the other hand, Nokia was again rigid on price level and concentrated more on quality. Build Quality: Nokia is known for the best build quality when it comes to cell phones. Samsung on the other hand is known for using cheap plastic components and making fairly fragile smartphones by comparison. Offline Music and Navigation: In terms of offline music and navigation, Nokia provide better quality. Nokia Music app provides playlist either based on your own listing of artists or premade by Nokia. Samsung does not provide any such features without paying an extra money.  Also Nokia’s here drive gets the lead over Samsung offline navigation. Even in certain areas Nokia’s Navteq map data is better than google’s as per the reviews. CHAPTER 2 Here are the some objectives which Researcher has set up for the research and tried to work on the set objectives which is fully based on â€Å"Comparison of Nokia and Samsung handsets among the people of Gangtok†, and these are as follows: a.To study the marketing strategy adopted by Nokia and Samsung in promoting their handsets. b.To show how they have placed the 4p’s in their strategy. c.To analyse the sales volume and profitability of both the handsets. d.To know the preferences of handsets among different age group and class of people in Gangtok. e.To study the reason for their popularity in this particular area. The Finnish phone maker has updated its handset portfolio at the high end to compete better with Samsung’s super-successful Razor phone, the refresh has been less than inspired. â€Å"[Nokia’s] high-end phones are small, but they’re boxy. Samsung’s high-end [models] are thin and slick†. Samsung went for the wow effect, creating got to have it phones. Now, Nokia is playing catch-up. â€Å"It all comes down to innovation and product development,† says Hoffman. â€Å"Right now, Samsung is head and shoulders above Nokia in creating products that consumer’s desire. â€Å"Something as simple as naming a phone Razor has created enormous buzz for the company,† says Kelleher. Today, mobile phones are very common and prevalent in our society. Human relationship and mental concentration are now placed by electronic connections mobile phones have become a necessity and this industry is taking every one’s mind by storm. While doing the survey various limitations came across interms of collection of data from retailers as well as from the responders. Some questions set for responders remained unanswered and some from retailers as because of  their privacy. As researcher has to face limitation of time and money while doing this survey. Had there been more information researcher would have enclosed many points. CHAPTER 3 To assess the data both primary and secondary method of research has been conducted for more in-depth understanding and interpretation of study. To conduct the research the researcher has used both primary and secondary source of data. †¢Primary Data; Sources for primary data are limited and at times it becomes difficult to obtain data from primary source because of scarcity of information or lack of cooperation. Regardless of any difficulty one can face in collecting primary data, it is the most authentic and reliable data source. Following are some of the source of primary data: Questionnaire Personal Interview Telephone Interview †¢Secondary Data; Researcher has used the secondary data from the following source: Books Magazines Newspaper Internet As there was less time to have a detail survey of Nokia and Samsung comparison. So on conducting this survey researcher has taken 30responders as a sample. While conducting this research, the researcher has used Simple Random Sampling to collect the various data according to the study material. On the basis of collection of data interpretation and analysis has been made. CHAPTER 4 Nokia Nokia has successfully used its marketing strategy to target diverse  customers from around the world. Its products are equally used by rural as well as people of the urban areas. The company is using the right blend of standardization and adaption. Nokia standardized its product when possible and customize its product when needed. As the market for cellular phone is passing through the growth stage manufactures is continued. Nokia is using aggressive marketing strategy in the global market. Nokia is increasing its sales in its market of already available products through increase strong positioning strategy, promotional activities and competitive pricing strategy and thus company is able to increase the sales for its product. Samsung Samsung established many Samsung mobile stores to increase the visibility of the brand promotion. Offering advanced technology products and positioning itself on the technology platform will not help a company sell its products if it fails to communicate properly with the potential customers. Samsung adopted various marketing strategies like celebrity endorsements, corporate advertisements, highlighting its technological superior goods and many promotional schemes. Nokia Retailers Price: The pricing strategies used by Nokia vary from situation to situation and from product to product. For cutting-edge technological products that are newly designed by the company R&D, the company use first the skimming marketing strategy and then decrease the price. While for cost-effective products that focus on economy, the company use penetrating pricing strategy. Place: The company distribution network is situated in 150 countries and the company is still using its aggressive marketing strategy to boost its network and market development strategy to target new markets from around the world. Promotion: The company success can be traced to the excellent promotion activities carried out by the organization. The company use integrated marketing  communication to promote its various products in different region of the world. Nokia tries to attract customers towards their product through various advertising sales promotion etc. Product: The focus of the marketing efforts of Nokia is mostly on handset manufacturing only. The company is constantly enhancing its product portfolio by investing constantly new models. The mobile phones that are manufactured by Nokia have two diverse focuses: either low costs or cutting-edge technology. The products of the company are adopted as per the specific markets situation. Samsung Retailers Price: Because of its presence in different product categories, Samsung uses various pricing strategies. Samsung’s smart phones are one of the best in the market and are the market leader in terms of the features and USP’s that they provide. The recent Samsung Note 3+ Gear is another entrance in the market which is catching peoples eyes. Thus, Samsung uses skimming price for these products wherein in tries to get a high value in the start before competitors catch up. Once the model is old or any competitor has launched a similar products, Samsung immediately drops the price. Place: Samsung is present through various channels in the market. It works on the channel marketing concept wherein there are three segments. Sales and service dealers, modern retail and distributors. The sales and service dealers handle key accounts for Samsung and are involved in corporate sales. These dealers may also open exclusive Samsung showrooms. Samsung being such a branded product, the retailers are bound to keep Samsung as an alternative for their customers. Promotion: Samsung uses multiple forms of promotions. Samsung as a company believes in pulling the customer to themselves through advertising but at the product to the customer through sales promotions. Thus, on one hand, Samsung uses various marketing vehicles across the year covering festive season as well as non-festive time. Product: The benefit of Samsung in terms of its product is that there is a trust on all Samsung products because of the way Samsung products have performed in the last few years. Problems with the products has been negligible. And with its smartphones, Samsung has achieved a status of symbol for its customers. At the same time, Samsung is known for its service and people know that Samsung gives a very fast service for any of its product. Samsung beats Nokia in total phone shipments. It had already overtaken Nokia in sales volume and profitability last year but this is the most cited metric of market performance being the biggest in volume. Samsung growth is shown to be almost entirely due to smartphones while Nokia’s stagnant growth seems to be failure to have any smartphone attraction. CHAPTER 5 Brand and price are the main factors for consumers both in the 18 to 24 and in the 40 to 44 age groups. However, for the younger group, multimedia features such as a camera and styling are more important in deciding which phone to buy. In a generalized view, handsets for young adults serve as part social networking portal, part personal entertainment device and part fashion statement. For the older adults, in contrast, handsets serve a more utilitarian function of basic communications for work and personal use. Savvy service providers and handset brands are figuring out these preference patterns and are devising feature sets and service bundles that are highly targeted for various ages and needs. Popularity of Nokia in Gangtok Nokia offer online troubleshooting, live chat and a support forum through their website. A call centre is in operation seven days a week and the ‘Nokia Care’ app is available to download free for selected devices. Customers covered by warranty are also able to drop damaged products off at any place, to be sent to authorized technicians for assessment free of charge. Most of all because of Nokia Lumia as it is the Window phone with a modern dual-core processor and the first with an HD screen it is most popular among the people of Gangtok. Popularity of Samsung in Gangtok Samsung offer product support in the form of live chat Monday to Saturday, email and a customer support hotline available during standard working hours. They have also established ‘Customer Service Plazas’ in most major cities with showrooms, repair offices and warranty claim and tracking offices. As Samsung has both Android and Smartphones operating system and has superior quality screens and excellent connectivity, as well as social networking capabilities that is the reason Samsung is popular among the people of Gangtok. When was the last time you heard of something new and exciting from Nokia. In last 6 months only talk worthy and successful mobile launched by Nokia is, Nokia N8. Nokia has been really slow in addressing market requirements and new handsets and innovation has been rare. Result: Nokia is losing its market share in each and every geography and market segment. On the other hand, Samsung has been clearly gaining market share as well as mind share in all geographies and market segments. Some of the key reasons for Samsung’s success are Innovation in mobile technology, catching market trends early and serving them well. Following is an analysis of where Nokia and Samsung stand with respect to different segments: Top-end Phones: Samsung has multiple options available in top-end smart phone segment with popular mobiles like Samsung Galaxy S (Android), Samsung Focus (Windows Phone 7) and Samsung Wave Series (Bada OS). Nokia just has 1 decent popular phone in this segment – Nokia N8. While Nokia N8 has got good reviews about its hardware, it has been criticized for its software / OS, as being outdated. Samsung in general has won accolades from both critics and public for its range of top end smart phones. Winner: Samsung Mid-range Phones Nokia has some good midrange phones available like Nokia C6, Nokia C5, and Nokia E5 etc. These are good Symbian devices and do their job well. Samsung has also been able to create a good buzz in this segment with its mid-range  galaxy series and Corby series phones. Winner: Tie. Both Samsung and Nokia have good range of phones in this segment. Entry-Level Phones: Nokia has some good options here. But over last few years, the Indian handset manufacturers are giving Nokia a tough fight with feature rich, value for money phones in this segment. Samsung also has many phones in this segment like Samsung Guru Series which are good value for money. Over all Samsung and Nokia are at par in this segment. Winner: Tie. Both Samsung and Nokia have good range of phones in this segment. Dual SIM Phones Samsung is clearly a winner here. It has many good dual sim phones across entry-level and mid range phones. Nokia just has a couple of dual sim phones. Winner: Samsung CDMA Phones CDMA Phones also have a good market base. Nokia has very few CDMA phones available in the market. On the other hand Samsung has many options in CDMA segment. It also has tie ups with CDMA service providers like Reliance and Tata Indicom. Winner: Samsung Nokia appeared seemingly heading towards becoming the flagship bearer of the Windows Phone operating system, but it has stunned everyone by announcing a phone with the Android operating system. Many have criticized the company for not adopting this Google powered operating system, but they seem to have answered this calls by the launch of the Nokia X. Unlike most of the Android phones in the market, this device uses the free version of the software. One of the phones competing alongside it will be the Samsung Galaxy Core. Philosophy: The Android operating system found on the Nokia X is vastly different from the one found on the Galaxy Core. The latter uses the traditional Android OS along with the Touchwiz user interface to deliver a similar design to most Samsung users. Nokia, meanwhile, tries to bring the best of both worlds. It  not only offers the popular Android operating system with its huge availability of apps, but it also provides the phone its own ecosystem of apps. This is largely built upon the maps, which have till date emerged as one of the greatest competitors of the Google maps. Power: Like the philosophies, the way the phones approach the user are also extremely different. Samsung manages to leap ahead through the use of a slightly powerful processor and significant amount of additional RAM. It comes with specifications of a dual core 1.2 GHz processor and 1 GB of RAM. This is a sharp contrast to Nokia, which offers the Nokia X with a dual core 1 GHz processor and 512 MB of RAM. The difference with regard to power end here because both phones came with the same snapdragon processor and Adreno 203 graphics processing unit. They also come with the Android 4.1 version as standard. The user interface, though, is highly differentiable between the two devices due to the usage of the touchwiz user interface of the Samsung. Google Application: Bringing the full version of the Android operating system in the Samsung has its own advantages since the phone includes a number of Google apps by default. Google search, YouTube, Gmail, Calendar are some of the different Google elements that come integrated with the phone. However, they can be introduced on the Nokia X as well, but most users will prefer their being inbuilt rather than having to install separately. CHAPTER 6 Researcher has analysis the data that are provided by different customers in Gangtok. Researcher further explain the information in the format of pie chart as follows: INTERPRETATION: It is clear that 50% users use Samsung, 34% use Nokia and rest 16% use other phone. INTERPRETATION: we overall can see that 20% of Nokia users are satisfied with the product and 23% of users are not satisfied. Along with this 27% of  Samsung users are satisfied with the product they use and 23% are not satisfied. INTERPRETATION: As we clearly see that most of the mobile phone users are ready to purchase cell phone just because of its brand name and rest 33% are denying with the brand name purchasation. INTERPRETATION: It is clear from the above pie chart that most of the Nokia users says that Nokia gives the good battery back up as compare to Samsung mobile phones. And it is being positive vive within the Nokia users about their preferences. INTERPRETATION: It is noticed that 53% of Samsung users agreed that Samsung mobiles are very good in business point of view because Samsung provide different apps to carry such business work. And 40% Nokia users believe in Nokia for business work. INTERPRETATION: It is clear from the above chart that 67% Samsung users believe that Samsung mobiles provides better camera clearity as compare to Nokia phones. And 33% Nokia users believe that Nokia provides better camera clearity. INTERPRETATION: The above pie chart shows that only 33% of Nokia users believe that Nokia mobiles provide better sound quality. And rest 67% of Samsung users believe that Samsung mobiles provide good sound quality. INTERPRETATION: It is true answer given by Samsung users that Samsung phones provide better dual sim phones as compared with Nokia mobiles phones. Samsung provide dual sim facility right from mid-range phone to top-end phones. INTERPRETATION: It is a tie result from the above pie chart that both the Nokia and Samsung mobile users believe that both the company provides more cell memory storage right from internal storage to external storage. INTERPRETATION: From the above pie chart it is being clear that 67% of Samsung users believe that Samsung mobile has better screen resolution and 27% of Nokia users believe that Nokia mobiles has better screen resolution. CHAPTER 7 SUGGESTION: After completion of field work on questionnaire, objective and based on the data collected, researcher has analyse and made some suggestion according to it. They are as follows: †¢Researcher have seen that 50% users use Samsung mobile phones as compare to Nokia. So, Nokia should focus on the user accessibility and promote their products for the users. †¢Researcher has found that users are very much satisfied with the Samsung handsets. So, the Nokia should provides customer satisfaction either through their apps or various facilities within the handsets. †¢As the brand name provides trust within the customer and are ready to purchase just because of brand name. So, both the company should try to upgrade their handsets widely according to the users. †¢It has found that most of the users are satisfied with the Nokia battery back-up as compare to Samsung. So, in this regard Samsung should improves their battery back-up and retain their market. †¢It has been seen that camera clearity provided by Samsung is most trustable as compare to Nokia as 67% users believe in Samsung’s camera clearity. So, Nokia should focus in their camera so that it does not loss their interest from the users. †¢It has been seen that Samsung has multiple options available in top-end smartphone segment whereas Nokia just has 1 decent popular phone in this segment i.e., Nokia N8. So, Nokia should try to launch new and more top-end segment phones to compete with Samsung. †¢In dual sim phones Samsung is clearly a winner. Nokia just has a couple of dual sim phones. So, to beat Samsung, Nokia should improve their dual sim phones right from entry level phones to top-end phones. CONCLUSION: Over the last two decades the mobile phone market has gone through tremendous changes, with unbelievable products and rapid growth in the market. The growth of the market is still continued. Nokia is using its creative marketing strategies to hold its market through strong positioning and  competitive strategy in order to beat the competition. Whereas Samsung establish many stores to increase the visibility of the brand promotion. Samsung adopt various marketing strategies like celebrity endorsement, corporate advertisement for promotional of their product and capture the market as well. As the popularity of Nokia mobile phones is quite scarce within the Gangtok area as compare to the Samsung mobiles phones, which is highly popular within the teenagers and old age persons of Gangtok. Lastly, if the company continue to tailor its strategies according to the needs and wants of the target market, it chances for success in the market will increase even more. Websites: †¢www.studymode.com/essays/Samsung-Mobile-Phone-39587872.html †¢www.studymode.com/essays/Samsung-Mobile-1211966.html †¢www.studymode.com/essays/Research-Report-On-Comparative-Study-On-1496464.html †¢www.arjunsingh84.hubpages.com/hub/Nokia-Vs-Samsung-Features †¢www.ordoh.com/2014/05/nokia-samsung-galaxy-core-specifications-pricing-comparison/ †¢www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/marketing-strategies-used-by-nokia-marketing-essay.php Magazine: MY MOBILE (For a connected Lifestyle) Nokia Asha 230 Dual SIM †¢Nokia Asha OS v1.1.1 †¢1.3 MP, 1280 x 1024 Pix.. †¢Price Rs.3,197/- Nokia XL †¢Nokia X OS v1.0 †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.9,195/- Nokia X Plus †¢Nokia X OS v1.0 †¢3.0 MP, 2048 x 1536 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.11,000/- Nokia X †¢Nokia X OS v1.0 †¢3.0 MP, 2048 x 1536 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.6,849/- Nokia Asha 230 †¢Nokia Asha OS v1.1.1 †¢1.3 MP, 1280 x 1024 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.3,210/- Nokia Lumia 630 †¢Microsoft Windows Phone †¦ †¢5.0 MP, 2592 x 1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.10,500/- Nokia Asha 503 Dual SIM †¢Nokia Asha OS v1.2 †¢5.0 MP, 2592 x 1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.6,167/- Nokia Lumia 1320 †¢Microsoft Windows Phone 8 †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.17,900/- Nokia Lumia 525 †¢Microsoft Windows Phone 8 †¢5.0 MP, 2592 x 1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.8,909/- Nokia 515 Dual SIM †¢Nokia Series 40 †¢5.0 MP, 2592 x 1944 Pix.. †¢.Price Rs.8,999/- Samsung Galaxy S3 Neo †¢Android OS, v4.2 (Jelly †¦ †¢Ext:8.0MP, 3264Ãâ€"2448 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.22,981/- Samsung Galaxy S3 Mini VE I8200 †¢Android OS, v4.2.2 (Jell†¦ †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.15,960/- Samsung Galaxy S3 Neo Plus I9300I †¢Android OS, v4.3 (Jelly †¦ †¢Ext:8.0MP, 3264Ãâ€"2448 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.25,345/- Samsung Galaxy Note 3 Neo †¢Android OS, v4.3 (Jelly †¦ †¢Ext:8.0MP, 3264Ãâ€"2448 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.30,353/- Samsung Galaxy Grand Neo †¢Android OS, v4.3 (Jelly †¦ †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.15,000/- Samsung Galaxy S Duos 2 S7582 †¢Android OS, v4.2 (Jelly †¦ †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.8,309/- Samsung Galaxy Core Plus G3500 †¢Android OS, v4.2 (Jelly †¦ †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.13,251/- Samsung Galaxy Star Pro S7260 †¢Android OS, v4.1.2 (Jell†¦ †¢2.0 MP, 1600 x 1200 Pixe†¦ †¢Price Rs.5,328/- Samsung Galaxy Star Pro S7262 †¢Android OS, v4.1 (Jelly †¦ †¢2.0 MP, 1600 x 1200 Pixe†¦ †¢Price Rs.5,391/- Samsung Galaxy Trend S7392 †¢Android OS, v4.0 (Ice Cr†¦ †¢3.0 MP, 2048 x 1536 Pixe†¦ †¢Price Rs.6,715/- Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini Duos I9192 †¢Android OS, v4.2.2 (Jell†¦ †¢Ext:8.0MP, 3264Ãâ€"2448 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.16,999/- Samsung Galaxy Victory 4G LTE L300 †¢Android OS, v4.0.4 (Ice †¦ †¢Ext:5.0MP, 2592Ãâ€"1944 Pix†¦ †¢Price Rs.16,372/- QUESTIONNAIRE Name: Age: Address: Occupation: 1)Which mobile you are using? a) Nokia b) Samsung c) Other 2)Are you satisfied with product you are using i.e., Nokia/Samsung? a) NokiaYes/No b) SamsungYes/No 3)Will you be ready to buy a Nokia/Samsung  handsets just because of its brand name? a) Yes b) No 4)Which provide good battery back-up? a) Nokia b) Samsung 5)Which would you prefer in business point of view? a) Nokia b) Samsung 6)Which gives better camera clearity? a) Nokia b) Samsung 7)Which cell companies have better sound quality? a) Nokia b) Samsung 8)Which company provides better dual sim phones? a) Nokia b) Samsung 9)Which company has more cell memory storage? a) Nokia b) Samsung 10)Which company do you think provides better screen resolution? a) Nokia b) Samsung

Philosophical Analysis Essay

â€Å"In the case of an ordinary illusion of the senses we often say: This object seems thus or so; but in reality it is thus †¦ (but) the seeming is opposed to the reality only in so far as the chance experience of one point of view gets contrasted with what would be, or might be, experienced from some larger, more rationally permanent, or more exclusive and uniting point of view. † Truth is the embodiment of reality; reality is the embodiment of experience. Yet, truth and reality are problematic concepts. Reality, when expressed in categorical terms, is in itself manifest-creating concept; that is, there is no clearly defined boundary of finding the essence of entities. In short, an attempt to define reality will result to more questions. An attempt to examine the source or basis of reality will inevitably result to ambiguity. What is the implication of this fact to truth? Truth also becomes a manifest-creating concept. Its basis is, from a vantage point, a derivation of reality (Kant, 1786/1926). Here, there is a need to mention two bases of truth and reality. For some philosophers, reality and truth are generally derived from sense experience. Aristotle once argued that the fundamental basis of reality is actual reference to existing objects. Here, reality is objective; truth is absolute. For other philosophers, rationality rather than sense experience is the formal basis of reality. Descartes, for example, argued that sense experiences often result to disconcerting assumptions of what is real and ought to be real (Descartes, 1637/1999). An example may suffice this point. Suppose an individual sees an oar in the water. From sense experience, the individual will interpret the phenomenon as genuine phenomenon. However, the individual perception of what is real is compounded by illusory assumption of what ought to be real. Descartes argued that the oar in the water, when rationality is used as means to discern truth, is a reflection of an actual oar. 2) â€Å"The best definition of truth from a logical standpoint is that which is fated to be ultimately accepted by all investigators †¦ (and not something to be identified with) some purely personal end, some profit upon which a particular individual has set his heart. † For many centuries, philosophers pondered on the best definition of truth. Perhaps, the most influential philosopher who developed a systematic approach in analyzing the nature of truth is Immanuel Kant. According to Kant, truth in categorical definition is a derivation of collective facts (Kant, 1786/1926). Kant argued that when a set of facts are accepted to be truth by rational individuals, then it is by definition, part of truth. Subsequent philosophers such as Whitehead and Russell expounded on the concept of truth. According to these philosophers, there exists a set of truths which in character is both relative and self-sufficient. Truth is relative because the discretion of a group of rational individuals is also relative. It is self-sufficient because its consequence is self-compelling. When presented to different individuals, a truth compels the individual to believe and accept it as true. What is the general consequence of these assumptions of truth? In essence, such assumptions reject the notion of absolute truth. Absolute truth defines an epistemological basis of reality; that is, reality bounded not by the laws of nature, but by the law of necessity. One can refer to this reality as Being, Divine entity, or God. However, absolute truth is not necessarily a definitive clause of a Divine entity. Absolute truth is assumed by some philosophers to be manifested in quintessential entities; entities which are purported to exist in reality. It may be argued that this interpretation of reality may be a personalistic interpretation of ends. In any case, it is possible to prove this assumption. References Descartes, Rene. 1637/1999. Discourse on the Method. London: London Publishing House. Kant, Immanuel. 1786/1926. The Critique of Pure Reason. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Comparative politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Women in Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women in Policing - Research Paper Example Their only source of help was from the temperance leaders, progressive era reformers, social workers, and social hygienist (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). With time, the number of women and their role in law enforcement increased. This was evident in the World War II. However, the gains were affected by the economic downturn experienced in the first half of the 20th century. However, there was more hope for women in the second half of the century (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). In the 1960s, women surfaced from their traditional roles to become patrol officers (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). At this period, there was more concern about their safety and that of their colleagues. The focus now shifted on how women policing styles would be different from men and whether they might change the nature of the police organization (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). Currently, women have been assigned roles similar to male officers within police departments. Today, women comprise 11.9 percent of all sworn position in po lice agencies, in various parts of United States (Langton, 2010). The history of women in policing begins in the last half of 19th century. In this period, women were hired to protect and administer to women and juveniles in prison. New York was the first city to hire two women in 1845. Women worked as matrons in the city’s two jails (National Center for Women and Policing, 2013). This was after a comprehensive campaign by the American Female Moral Reform Society for the creation of matron position. Their hope was that police would find it prudent to hire matrons for the police stations. However, this was not the case, and the idea received opposition from the police department. One of the notable women in the era was Mary Owens. Owens received the rank of a police officer from the Chicago Police Department in 193 (National Center for Women and Policing, 2013). She gained this position due to the death of her husband who had been an officer for the

Unit 3 Discussion Exploring the 1960's Research Paper

Unit 3 Discussion Exploring the 1960's - Research Paper Example As a result, America and Russia both massively built up the stock piles of nuclear weapons. Thus, this Cold War never turned hot, USA and USSR never fought directly during the 20th century instead the domino effect of USA caused the places like Vietnam, Korea and under-developed nation around the world (Burbank & Cooper, 2011). Through contemplation of 1960’s revolution, it occurred when Europe was caught in the mid Cold War of USA and USSR there was a clear indication that in the name of protection both the super powers might make agreement in the area of economy and politics might cause the position and stability of Europe. Invasion of America’s direct investment in production and technology could have affected the sovereignty and position of Europe. This threat led the Europe to catch-up with cultural and economical and social revolution during 1960’s in Europe (Jacobson, 1994) Communist countries are threat for developed countries in modern status quo because it is believed that communist want to rule the world according to their own legal tradition and regulations. This is considerably due to the lack of co-operation of Communist countries towards international peace treaties (Burbank & Cooper, 2011) Scott, P. D. (2012). The Kennedy Assassination and the Vietnam War (1971). Retrieved July 20, 2012, from History-matters:

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) - Term Paper Example Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is one of such organizations. This paper will discuss PIJ within the context of its organization, origins, ideology, goals, and objectives. In addition, it will discuss its leadership, funding, and capabilities such as physical bases or support/operating location(s), communications methods, training programs, and personnel strengths. The paper will finally provide a description of suspected and known lethal agents/weapons and delivery methods, as well as surveillance methods, propaganda, procedures in prior attacks, and significant dates/events that may be used in planning attacks. The PIJ was founded in the late 1970s by three radical Palestinian students, Bashir Moussa, Fathi Shikaki, and Abdul Aziz Odeh, who were studying in Egypt (Alexander 2002). This group was an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist and Sunni religious movement which origin lies in Egypt. It aims at seeking broad moral, political, and social reforms based upon the Islamic principles (Hatina 2001). The founders of this group believed that the Muslim Brotherhood had abandoned the Palestinian cause and that they had become very moderate. The formation of PIJ was inspired by the Shi’a Islamic revolution that had taken place in Iran. He PIJ blended Sunni Islamic fundamentalism, Shi’a revolutionary thought, and Palestinian nationalism into its ideological agenda. The United States has designated this group as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (Rashid 2003). This group believed that the liberation of Palestinians and annihilation of Israel are prerequisites for the creation of a pan-Islamic empire. The group further stressed that the conflict between Israel and Arabs is over a fundamentally religious conflict and not so much over territory (Cook 2009). It is against this background that the group rejected any diplomatic activity or political arrangements aimed

Wrist Tendinosis among Blue-Collar Workers Article

Wrist Tendinosis among Blue-Collar Workers - Article Example The report tries to show a study of this problem among those who have blue collar jobs. The report involved the study of workers who had performed jobs involving hand intensive manual work and were involved in more than four tasks in the day. The whole study took 28 months and it was designed to investigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and factors which cause the problem at workplaces. The interview assessed several aspects of work, these included the following; history about previous employment, organizational factors, and pain in various parts of the body especially the upper body and the wrist. During the process of doing the research, a physical medical examination was conducted on the arm and the interview was conducted in the language that the participants preferred. The physical examination was conducted by a licensed physical therapist and it involved identification of eleven disorders that are related to the wrist. Main signs that were identified during the examination included: swelling, redness, crepitance of the wrist as well as tenderness to palpation. After the initial physical examination had been conducted, a periodic follow up was done after every four months. The interview involved collecting information about changes in jobs, for instance, change in stress, tasks and also over time. Conditions of the wrist were also checked to asses whether there were any changes in the level of pain. The ability of the wrist to conduct work, type of medication that the workers were using and healthcare were also inquired. After the research, survival analysis was conducted the entire variable in the data. The variables were divided into tertiles on the basis of the number of cases, that is, the highly exposed, medium and low exposure groups.

English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Class - Essay Example Nevertheless, my visit to the museum was an enriching experience which had me asking for more. The museum leaves no stones unturned to make you feel that you were there when it all happened. With the help of personal audio equipment, there is a touch of reality to the whole experience. There is a lot more to see at the museum. There are various events, programs, tours, lectures, films that talk about the stories of many Holocaust survivors. The exhibition is a single true story, the story of Jay Ipson and his family and how they survived the Kovno Ghetto in Lithuania and settled in Richmond after World War II . â€Å"The museum was built with children in mind†, says Ipson. â€Å"They can relate so much better to the single story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.six million is just incomprehensible to them.† The outside of the building has an intimidating appearance with brown brick with bright green boarded up windows. All in all, the visit to this museum is a very moving education al experience! The museum puts in a lot of effort to educate the people and promote tolerance towards each and everyone, irrespective of their nationality, religion, race, sex or creed. We cannot turn a blind eye to the humble motive behind the origination of this museum. Therefore, there is a need to preserve this museum for the values it stands for. Established in 1997, Virginia holocaust museum is situated on 2000 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia and it is founded by Mark Fetter, Al Rosenbaum, and one of Richmond’s youngest Holocaust survivors, Jay Ipson. In an effort to preserve and educate the people on the atrocities of the Holocaust of World War II, the museum strives on a two-fold mission: to educate young people about the Holocaust and at the same time combat intolerance and anti-Semitism. Keeping this mission in mind, â€Å"Teaching Tolerance Through Education† was initiated. Initially, the museum occupied the unused rooms of the Temple Beth El in Richmon d, Virginia. The museum, then quickly flourished and by 2000, it had its own space. An old tobacco warehouse in historic Shockoe Bottom donated by the Virginia State Legislature became the new house of the Virginia Holocaust Museum. The dedication of this new site was done during Yom Ha'Shoah v'Ha'Gvruah in April, 2003, the day which is known as the Day of Remembrance and Heroism. During the pre-war Kovno, there were about 40,000 Jews, out of which only 3,000 survived. Thousands of children lost their lives in the Kovno Ghetto. Deportation and malnutrition contributed to the deaths of so many lives. Ipson’s sister was one of the children to face death during the war. In 1943, Ipson’s family managed to escape from their ghetto with the help of a local farmer. The poor Catholic Polish farmer had nothing to gain from them nor they had anything to offer to him, nevertheless, he helped them because he knew what the Germans were doing was wrong. This is a perfect example of expression of humanity, regardless of race, religion, caste or creed. One of the interesting exhibitions at the museum is the recreation of the chapter of their lives wherein they escape through the barbed wire of their ghetto. The museum, today boasts of 28 exhibits. â€Å"The Ipson Saga,† is an interesting tale of the Museum Director and founder, Jay M Ipson, which documents his and his family’s story from pre-war Lithuania, their escape and eventually their liberation. Right in front of the building sits a German cattle car

The Internet and Self Employment - Increase of Business Owners because Essay

The Internet and Self Employment - Increase of Business Owners because of the Internet - Essay Example Internet is a technology, which is used by the companies to operate their business online. Without internet facility, it is impossible to reach international markets and introduce products to the international customers. At present, internet has become one of the extensively used technologies, which has made many business reach success in a very short span of time. Facebook, Twitter, and Groupon are some of the major examples of successful online firms (Beer, 2011). E-businesses are based on ideas. An e-business is successful if the idea behind that business makes people save their money (Quittner, 2009). How Well Does Internet Increase The Progress Of Businesses Online? Internet makes small businesses more profitable and efficient as compared to the small conventional style businesses. A company working in the ebusiness environment makes use of website to make people aware of the products and services offered by the company. A good website is very important for the success of an onl ine company because it is the main source of communication between the company and the customers. A website not only helps a company gain exposure in international markets but also attracts a large number of customers towards the products and services of the company. ... ot get much exposure to the outside world which results in decreased levels of productivity whereas online businesses operate in different parts of the world by making use of internet technologies resulting in many benefits, such as, attracting more customers towards the products and services of the company and increasing productivity and profitability of the company. In today’s world, a company can never gain competitive edge over its competitors with low levels of productivity and market share. Efficiency and productivity are the keys towards customer satisfaction and achievement of competitive advantage. Online businesses hold a large number of customers and market opportunities as compared to conventional businesses, which increase their chances of achieving competitive advantage in the markets where they operate their businesses. Exposure to multiple markets is one of main features of online businesses. Today, the world has become a global village where customers are very much comfortable with the use of internet and they can search for their desired products online instead of going to supermarkets physically. Another thing is that the customers look for their desired features in the products, which they look for. If they do not get their desired products from one company, they search for other companies online in order to find their desired products, which results in increasing the business of those companies, which have online presence. Therefore, we can say that online presence of a company results in increasing the productivity of the company. Increase in productivity is not only related to the number of customers of a company but also to the number of markets in which a company operates its businesses. Online companies can reach the customers more

MidTerm American Presidency Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MidTerm American Presidency - Term Paper Example In conclusion, the presidential powers should be used for persuasion and bargain purposes rather than command. According to him, there are only two types of presidential powers, which are to persuade and command, with the command acting as a dictatorial aspect whereas the persuasive type of power is for effective influencing (Neustadt 56). In order for one to maintain the power, one should engage all concerned parties in the governance. However, such powers also have a crucial barrier, which is the president making of personal decisions without engaging others. Currently, President John F. Kennedy is one who applied the shared presidential power other than its separation. This engages a number of people on board in the decision making process. President Bill Clinton had been worst in the application of Neustadt’s theory of presidential powers. Based on my opinion, Neustadt’s theory of presidential powers is effective in ensuring the shared delegation of duties, which brings all individuals on board in effective management. Despite the strengths associated with Neustadt’s theory of presidential powers, Skowronek tends to be of the contrary opinion in which he states that the presidential powers should involve the utilization of informal authority in ensuring that things are done in the most effective way as a contribution of modernity (Skowronek 318). On the two theories, the major difference is because according to Neustadt’s theory of presidential powers, power is for persuasion and not command while according to Skowronek, it is through the presidential command that things are

Facts of the Case Essay Example for Free

Facts of the Case Essay On May 1967, Carole D. , an international model and Gerald D. , a top executive in a French Oil company got married. They established a home where they lived as husband and wife. Two years later, Carole got involved in an adulterous affair with her neighbor Michael H. Subsequently, Carole gave birth to Victoria D. and in the birth certificate Gerald was named the father of the child. Immediately after the delivery of the child, Carole D. confided to Michael H. that she had strong reasons to believe that he was the real father. A group blood test was taken which only confirmed their suspicions that indeed Michael was the real father. In light of this discovery, Carole paid Michael a brief visit at his place, during which time, Michael held out the daughter as his very own. Not long after, Carole left Michael to live with another man and later returned to Gerald. After a series of failed attempts to see his daughter and having been rebuffed by Carol a few times, Michael filed a filiation action in California Superior Court to establish his paternity and right to visitation. The child Victoria, in a cross-complaint filed through an appointed attorney and guardian ad litem, asseverates that if she had more than one psychological or de facto father, she was entitled to maintain her filial relationship, with all of the attendant rights, duties, and obligations, with both. Issues of Law: The law at issue in the case at bar is the California statute holding that â€Å"a wife cohabiting with her husband, who is not impotent or sterile, is conclusively presumed to be parents of a child of the marriage†, unless such presumption is rebutted by competent blood-group test results declaring otherwise. Likewise, a motion for which must be filed in court not later than two years from the date of the child’s birth by the husband, or by the natural father after an affidavit recognizing paternity has been filed in the appropriate period allotted by law, [Cal. Evid. Code Ann. 621(a), (c), (d) (West Supp. 1989)]. Legal questions: Petitioner avers an abridgment of his rights to procedural and substantive due process of law insofar as he was barred from demonstrating his paternity through blood tests, and that the overriding social policy of protecting the integrity of the family unit, stemming from the husband and wife relationship, prevented him from exerting his natural rights as a father over his natural daughter. He argues that the protection of Gerald’s and Carol’s marital union is an insufficient state interest to deny him the right to continue filial relationships with Victoria. Tradition espoused in marital union must give way to his inalienable natural right as a father. The main issue is whether or not the relationship between Michael and Carol, as a family unit, has been recognized as valid in society, or that history has in any way accorded special protection to their extra-marital union. Cross-complainant, on the other hand, invokes the equal-protection clause in addition to her right to due process. She argues that by denying her full enjoyment of being with her natural father, the State does, in turn, discriminate against her status as an illegitimate child. Court Opinion and Holding: The decision of the California Superior court appealed from is affirmed. The State, its laws and the society in which they are ensconced largely favor the strength and solidarity of marital unions. Absent a clear showing that neither the husband nor the wife are incapable of conceiving and bearing a child, or that the husband had no access to his wife when the child was conceived, the presumption that the child born out of their marriage is theirs can not be refuted. Presumption of legitimacy in a valid marital union is a fundamental principle of common law. The rationale for applying the presumption lies at the fact that the heirs must be protected against allegations of illegitimacy when the rights of succession and inheritance are in question. It is also a means to prevent indiscriminate and spurious claims to the illegitimacy of the children of the family in order that the stability of state and family is preserved. Michael’s claims find no meaning in the extant pages of jurisprudence and history where a man was ever successful in asserting his paternity of a child with a woman as the wife of another man in the subsistence of a valid marriage. Thus, Michael’s contention is devoid of social merit and legal cognizance. Cross-complainant’s concern that she is discriminated against as an illegitimate child is likewise unmeritorious. For one, she is considered legitimate in the eyes of law and second, she possesses all the rights and obligations of a legitimate child. No discrimination whatsoever arises. Student Opinion: Dura lex sed lex. The law is harsh but is the law. In this case, the court understandably had to uphold social traditions and legal construct against the claims of natural rights of Michael simply because the technological means of proving paternal filiations are not that abjectly convincing. The court’s adamant refusal to at least grant Michael the right of a natural father, much less give him visitation rights bespeaks of its desire to maintain social order no matter the psychological and social ramifications it may bear on both Michael and Victoria. Yet science has progressed at such a gallop that was then science fiction is now science fact. DNA typing and other competent methods of accurately confirming a person’s legitimacy, may completely trump legal rhetoric argued in this case. Perhaps, in future test cases, in light of DNA technology, the court would be more willing to deviate from the norm in favor of fathers of children outside of a legally subsisting marriage. Hopefully, the presumption espoused in this case will no longer find application before concrete and hard scientific facts and the court would be more lenient to the Michael’s and Victoria’s of society.

Evolution of white women in society Essay Example for Free

Evolution of white women in society Essay During the colonial chronology of the United States, many a historian pictured women as better situated than their more recent contemporaries (Mary Beth Norton, 1984). The value of women in the colonies was premised on the survival mode of the colonists during that time (Norton, 1984). To survive, both male and female were expected to pull their own weight in the community for the common good of the community (Norton, 1984). Due to this situation, the common lines of separation on the roles of women from the men were blurred greatly (Norton, 1984). As such, women in the colonies could engage in the activities that were also done by the men folk in the community (Norton, 1984). But what gave women a distinct advantage was that they could produce offspring, a very large contribution to the survival of the colonies (Norton, 1984). Also, the Common Law as it was applied in England was not fully complied with in the colonies (Norton, 1984). Hence, women were able to contribute more fully in the life of the colonies (Norton, 1984). Today’s society bears little distinction in the role of women in the colonies. At present, women are doing many of the duties and employment that men have usually been pictured. Women can do what the men are doing to be able to cope with the increasing costs of living in the present economy of many countries. Most are successful in many of traditional endeavors of man. Sadly, there are opponents from both sides, one saying that women must be confined to their traditional station, while another seeks greater power for the women. What lies in the crux of the issue is the issue of equality for both sexes. We must treat women as vital instruments to the growth of a society, not only as objects to look and admire at. That aim can be achieved in terms of affording greater avenues for women to make that contribution, not locking them away from them. In this day and age, all hands count in the survival of a community. Reference Norton, M. B. (1984). The evolution of white women’s experience in early America. The American Historical Review, Volume 89, pp. 539-619

Concept of social entrepreneurship

Concept of social entrepreneurship Understanding the concept of social entrepreneurship will be of value in whichever career path I choose As the concept of entrepreneurship becoming important sources in economic fields, many existing businesses have been trying to implement that concept onto their own running business. It is not simple to define or decided entrepreneurship as only one set word or concept, because it has wide range of meaning and is the method that contains complex mixture of fundamental economic principle. In addition to that, when the concept is applied in certain industry it could be developed in many different ways depending upon which industries are targeted. Finally, the misunderstanding of implementing that entrepreneurship concept may lead the outcome that entrepreneur planed it in the process to unexpected situation, could be negative or coincidently positive for them. The concept of entrepreneurship has been studied for many years and it was illustrated by the classic theory of development worked by author named Benjamin Higgins; By entrepreneurship is meant the function of seeing investment and production opportunities: organizing an enterprise to undertake a new production process; raising capital, hiring labor, arranging for a supply of raw materials, finding a site, and combining these factors of production into a going concern; introducing new techniques and commodities, discovering new sources of natural resources; and selecting top managers for day-to-day operation (1997 ,228p) In putting another word simply, entrepreneurship basically means to start companies and organizations based on the findings of the entrepreneur of certain niches in the marketplace, and willing to assume the risks of a business to take significant opportunities for success. Moreover, entrepreneurs also create their own niches for the products or services they want the company to produce. (Hodgetts R.M, 2004) It is not surprised anymore hearing the term of entrepreneurship in the success stories in the real many different type of business industry. That is, it is just part of example that how entrepreneurship is important concept should be concerned to success, besides it is required to understanding the true concept of this topic. Entrepreneurship could be classified by under 5 categories in order to clarify that how actual processes which the entrepreneurship contains is working in the certain business; Entrepreneur traits, creativity, innovation, business planning and growth management. These elements can be representing the segments of characteristic of entrepreneur. In Entrepreneurial creativity part, it is required to have different view of perception and thinking of something and a paradigm shift in order to create new ideas. There 4 critical processes to get the concept of innovation can be classified as invention, extension, duplication and synthesis. Strategic planning is the key sources that to access the entrepreneurs position through internal/external factors then identify these factors to implement a strategy. Finally, in the management, it is required that identify what size of company will be through, the capability of which how direct control the company is afforded and how entrepreneurial spirit can be retained in a growing business.( Bailey, J. 2003) Once entrepreneur concept is cleared, to move on to a Social entrepreneur is next step. What is a social entrepreneur? They act similar to entrepreneur does, such as facing risks, inspiration and creativity, in order to take hidden or uncovered significant opportunities. What the social entrepreneur seeks for value in the certain market is the changeable factors that would result positive effect on disadvantaged communities, ultimately, society at large. (Martin.R,2009) It will be given some particular examples about how entrepreneur have been successfully in implementing the concept of entrepreneurship into real-world business industry. That would be able to help clear understanding then, furthermore developing the ideas of fundamental business principle. There is the national food business named Food Connect, aim is to supply local, sustainably produced food tothe community in South East Queensland. They are creating a new, more equitableway of distributing local produce in a socially responsible way. The seasonal produce comes from local farmers livingwithin a five hour radius of Brisbane who are paid afair price for their hard work andwho are encouraged to farm using the most sustainable methods possible.Our subscribers know where their food comes from and are invited to see for themselves on regular farm tours. Moreover, there are as an entrepreneurial way of which they run the business practices are markedly different from thosein other corporateorganizations: Our staff presents educational talks and seminars to the general public about food issues. Weorganize regular farm tours and other eventsfor our subscribers. Individuals cannot profit from Food Connect, except in terms of earning a fair wage for fair work. We provide, when feasible, opportunities for people with disabilities to participate in the daily life of the Homestead (our headquarters). Staffs have a major say in the running of Food Connect, particularly at our staff review days which are held every three months. We are environmentally aware in the Homestead, recycling everything possible. We even have our own worm farm for food scraps. (Food Connect,2008,story of food connect) As it describe at above, the Food Connect company has faced some niches as in terms of entrepreneur point of view that the other competitors does not challenge it due to failure of changes, which briefly are; creating the new way of satisfying the local distribution channels and to guarantee providing the best quality products with reasonable price for everyone, not only customer but also employee. As the results, the company could have had strong faith from consumers due to finding out risky factors to run the business according to their created entrepreneurial processes and they made huge changes after implementing it into real business. Muhammad Yunus, he is the one that begin offering microloans model to the indigent Bangladesh in 1976. How the microloans work was that loaned money to the people was small adequate amount of money that they were able to take out the loan. As the result, he could have helped the people to become self-employed. According to this case, it can be recognized that entrepreneur also can take the role of a leader, not only government, which to make a social change or movement that supporting opportunities and benefit to the people in certain categories. The achievement that he has contributed to the society is not only for gaining profit himself but also involving more people having the beneficial opportunities. Another example can be found out in India. Social entrepreneur Bunker Roy who built the Barefoot College in India to educate uneducated people such as illiterate and semiliterate, whose lose the opportunity of education due to social situations. There are many successful achievements the college has develop and improve the level of Indian society, for instances, teachers, workers and architects have installed and maintain solar-electrification systems that about 100,000 people in over 500 villages could have received the benefits by the college. The last example will be Ann Cotton, who made a effort of the right for female education(Campaign for Female Education : Camfed) in Africa. The launched programs by Camfed, which is providing opportunities of having education for whose cannot afford to pay school fee or join a school throughout awarding a scholarship, could have supported many numbers of young girls, approximate 700,000 students, in Zimbabwe, Ghana, Zambia and Tanzania in the educational sector. Some of graduated students returned to this community as leaders and over 5,000 started their own business. In terms of business point of view, it can be seen entrepreneurs as only a pragmatist because they are the people who born to seek for success and benefits in the business. However, that is just general ultimate purpose of entrepreneurs. The points according to examples are the process how and ways they achieve to drive the business successful. A common denominator of among entrepreneurs in these examples is that they are not afraid of facing current and potential risks to make changes. In addition, the social entrepreneurs have emphasis on the processes of creating a new idea throughout inspiration, creativity, courage in order to reach the final goal that ensure that everyone have social benefits and opportunities, called a new equilibrium.(Social Enterpreneur,2009)

huck finn Essay -- essays research papers

Huck Finn: America’s Fascination with the Bad Boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of American Literature, the use of the ‘bad boy’ or the rebel in the literature has always fascinated readers. We may ask ourselves why would a bad person with typically bad morals and a bad attitude appeal to people in society? American society typically flocks toward certain characters in literature, based on their character. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, we are able to examine one of the most famous rebellious young men in the history of American literature. Huck reveals all the typical qualities of a ‘bad boy’, while retaining his inner compassion. Through analysis of Huck and other characters in American Literature, we can come to a conclusion that the ‘bad boy’ is usually a character that is non-conforming to society, such as in religion, school, and moral standards, while retaining their compassion inside. Although these rebellious boys may look tough and scary on the outs ide, on the inside they actually have a good heart and are able to have feelings such as remorse, regret, love, and compassion for others. In addition, there is a thin line between the American bad boy that we all know and love, and truly a bad person. Both come off tough on the outside, but it is the inner character that will separate ‘the men from the boys’. The rebellious boy we are fascinated boy has a good heart, while the other ‘bad boy’ is bad in all aspects. People are drawn to the inner moral fiber, not how bad people are on the outside. This is why Huck is so famous in literary history. It is evident that he has a tough outside, but a caring personality on the inside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Foley 2 Huck is far from a typical child in all aspects of his character, life experiences, and maturity. Huck doesn’t conform to society whatsoever, and has his own opinion about everything. In a society as religious as his, he says a lot of cruel things about religion and what he thinks of it, especially when it comes to hell. â€Å"Then she told me all about the bad place, and I said I wished I was there. She got mad, then, but I didn’t mean no harm. She said it was wicked to say what I said; said she wouldn’t say it for the whole world; she was going to live so as to go to the good place.† (Twain 33). Huck clearly displays his thinking on religion throug... ...nbsp;  While Huck represents the ‘American bad boy’, Tom Sawyer is presented as a FOIL of Huck. Huck does the things he needs to do in order to survive, while Tom Sawyer is living in his own fantasy world. Everything in Tom’s life revolves around these fairytale adventures he reads about in books. Tom conforms to society, while Huck clearly does not. Tom has no worries though, as far as survival and having a place to go. He loves to make everything difficult, in order to do it ‘the way they do it in adventure books.’ The two boys are total opposites, in the form of character, goals and actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America has always had a fascination with the rebellious young boy, and it is very possible that the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, brought about this loving for this type of character. Huck’s character has both the noticeable bad Foley 6 boy attitude and tough outside, while also having a good heart and a caring personality. His character brings out the reader’s ‘id’ as Freud would say. It brings out the naughtiness inside the reader’s personality, while still making him lovable because he is really a good person on the inside.

various forms of obscenity :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to narrow down the focus of my research, this paper will briefly discuss what is considered obscene and the different ways in which obscenity will manifest itself. Obscenity law aims at punishment for thoughts provoked or preventing the formation of certain thoughts, typically, erotic ones in the minds of willing viewers but not for overt acts, nor for antisocial conduct. Although the United States Constitution protects the freedom of speech, the First Amendment was not intended to protect every utterance. In addition, many United States Supreme Court cases have consistently held that there are narrow categories of speech that are not protected by the First Amendment. These include obscenity, child pornography, inciting to riot, libel, false advertising, perjury, contempt of court, harassment, threats, copyright infringement and invasion of privacy. Thus, obscenity is not protected speech but a crime. Although the definition of obscenity is not sufficiently clear, the United States Supreme Court provided a workable attempt in defining what is obscene. In 1973, in the landmark case of Miller v. California the Court held that before any material can be determined obscene, a three-prong test must be met: 1) determine whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find the work taken as a whole appealing to prurient interests; 2) whether the work describes in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law; and 3) whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. Further, obscenity can manifest itself in different forms. It can manifest itself in conduct, pictorial representation of conduct, and in the written and oral description of conduct, with each method of expression presenting its own problems. These manifestations are more commonly seen in the literary form; speech; motion picture; artistic work; and now internet pornography. In determining whether a book is obscene, the Miller test tells us that the material must be considered as a whole and not judged by its vulgar and indecent paragraphs alone. In addition, a book may be indecent and obscene, no matter how humorous, or satirical.

Greek Mythology - Aphrodite Essay -- essays research papers fc

Aphrodite is one of the most famous figures of Greek mythology, because Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexual rapture. She was desired by nearly all of the Greek gods. Aphrodite was one of the twelve main gods on Mt. Olympus, and she was the most powerful goddess when it came to members of the opposite sex. There are many origins to Aphrodite's birth. Some of them are: She arose full-grown out of the foam of the sea, She is the daughter of Zeus and Dionne, She is the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, which would make her a Titaness, or She is the daughter of Titans Oceanus and Tethys, making her an Oceanid. (Dittus 34-35) â€Å"The most common origin of her birth is her being foam-born, which is what her name means† (Parin 45). This origin says that Aphrodite arose nude and full-grown out of the foam of the sea and riding into the shore of Cythera on a scallop shell. She found Cythera to be too small of an island, so she went to live in Paphos, in Cyprus, whi ch is still the principal seat of her worship. Although Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty, she had a magic girdle that she wore that made everyone fall in love with her. She could hardly ever be persuaded to lend it to anyone. Since Aphrodite had the magic girdle and was so beautiful, all of the gods fell in love with her. All of the goddesses were jealous of Aphrodite because all of the gods loved her instead of the other goddesses. Because of this, Zeus arranged a marriage for her with Hephaestus, the lame smith-god. Aphrodite, already regretting the trouble she had caused, took Adonis, and put him in a chest. She gave the chest to Persephone, asking her to hide it in a dark place. Persephone couldn't stand not knowing what was inside the chest, so she opened the chest and found Adonis. Persephone found Adonis to be a very cute baby, so she took hi into her own palace to raise him. Aphrodite did not find out about this until Adonis was a grown man. When she did find out about this though, she immediately went to Persephone's palace to claim Adonis. Persephone would not give him back to Aphrodite though, because she had made him her lover. Persephone appealed to Zeus, but Zeus knew that Aphrodite wanted to have him as her own lover. He refused to settle this case and transferred it to a lower court. The court's verdict was that Persephone and Aphrodite should get equal claims to ... ...aybe not so great, things during their lifetimes that are still remembered today. They were both main gods on Mt. Olympus. They may have not had many great times with each other according to myth, but they were still significant gods who had great lives. Many people use both of these gods to relate to things today, and she will be remembered for years and years to come. Her characters in Greek mythology are very significant and they will not be forgotten anytime soon. Works Cited Hamilton, Earth. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York: Penguin Group, 1969. Ingri and Edgar Parin D’alaure’s. Book of Greek Myths. New York: Bantam Dowbleday Dell Publishing Group, 1962. â€Å"Pygmalion and Galatea.† Hellenistic Network. http://www.hellenism.net/eng/mythology.html (6 April 2005) Bowman, Laurel. â€Å"Classical Myths: Aphrodite: Texts.† The Ancient Sources. http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html (6 April 2005) Hamilton, Earth. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York: Penguin Group, 1969. Ingri and Edgar Parin D’alaure’s. Book of Greek Myths. New York: Bantam Dowbleday Dell Publishing Group, 1962.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Fatty Acid and Triple Bonds

1. The â€Å"building blocks† of polysaccharides are _______, and the blocks are covalently linked together by _______. A. | glycerol and fatty acids; glycosidic linkages| B. | amino acids; triple bonds| C. | monosaccharides; glycosidic linkages| D. | disaccharides; triple bonds| E. | oligosaccharides; glycosidic linkages| Answer choice C Which of the following statements about starch is false? A. | Starch may be partially branched. | B. | Starch is a polymer of glucose. | C. | Starch is formed by the condensation of monomers. | D. The properties of starch are very similar to those of cellulose. | E. | Starch may be digested by people. | Answer choice E Which of the following characteristics distinguishes carbohydrates from other macromolecule types? A. | Carbohydrates are constructed of monomers that always have a ring structure. | B. | Carbohydrates never contain nitrogen. | C. | Carbohydrates consist of a carbon bonded to hydrogen and a hydroxyl group. | D. | Carbohydrates contain glycerol. | E. | None of the above| Answer choice A 1. A five-carbon sugar is known as a A. glutamine. | B. | glucose. | C. | hexose. | D. | pentose. | E. | None of the above| Answer choice D Oils and fats A. | form membranes. | B. | are triglycerides. | C. | all contain the same fatty acids. | D. | are good for you in large amounts. | E. | have glycosidic linkages. | Answer choice B Oils melt at a lower temperature than fats because A. | oils and fats are not the same type of macromolecule. | B. | fats contain more saturated fatty acids than oils. | C. | fats contain are unsaturated fatty acids than oils. | D. | oils are made by plants. | E. fats are common in animals. | Answer Choice C Fatty acids are A. | carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon tails. | B. | linked to glycerol in fats by hydrogen bonds. | C. | always saturated. | D. | large polymers of monosaccharides. | E. | water soluble. | Answer choice A A phospholipid differs from a triglyceride in that phospholipids A. | are amphipathic. | B. | are not derivatives of glycerol. | C. | do not have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. | D. | are used to store energy for the cell. | E. | do not contain fatty acids. | Answer choice B

Archetypes in Apollo and Daphne

Every single person goes through potpourris that are either haughty and/or damaging in their lives. Changes in life come for many reasons and the metamorphosis archetype give the tools for explaining these heightens. In the point Apollo and Daphne a Greek myth translated by Role Humphreys, the reader rump break the changes that can be explained by the metamorphosis archetype.The metamorphosis archetype Is a two-way street the change can be dogmatic and/ or negative (class notes). When Cupid shoots his cursors at Apollo and Daphne they twain have a change of inwardness nigh have a go at it, at once he honeyd and she at once fled from the gain of lover (178). While Apollo now loves and wants to be married, Daphne runs onward from the thought of love. The changes influencen In these characters can be viewed both positive and negative for each. Apollo changes from being a tough warrior to somebody with a kind and loving heart.However this change can also be viewed nega tively, in the sense that his newfound love for Daphne is his altogether priority. Daphne on the other hand changes into soulfulness who is incapable of love. This incapability drives her to run away from love itself, which is a negative change. metamorphosis stories defy the long list of humane limitations they entirelyow humans to do and be things thought impossible (class notes). In the spirit level the character Daphne is not able to love and Apollo can only think about love due to Cupids arrow.Once Apollo laid his eyeball upon Daphne he was instantly in love. His love drove him to infers his feeling towards her, which caused Daphne to feel stir and run away from the scene. While ravel away in fear Daphne asks the river to change and destroy the body (108). This resulted in Daphne turning into a tree her hair was leaves, her arms were branches, and her nimble feet rooted and held (181). A human intercommunicate for help from a river and turning into a tree is impossib le but in a metamorphosis stories the impossible is defied. some metamorphoses are actually either rewards or punishments (class notes). At the beginning of the story we see the character Apollo as someone who Is a strong warrior when he says, the bow Is for my shoulders I never fall In stabbing beasts or mortals (1 78), to Cupid. Apollo also says to Cupid the torch, my boy, Is decorous for you to con with (178). Apollo Is verbalize Cupid that unlike him he Is not old or strong enough to use the bow an arrow. Cupid responds to this by telling Apollo, your bow shoots everything-maybe-but mine will mark you (178).At this point Cupid Is fed up bosom Apollo and decides to give him a punishment. He shoots Apollo with an arrow that makes him fall In love with Daphne. He also decides to shoot an arrow at Daphne, which causes her to avoid love at all costs. Apollo at this point is chasing someone who he will never have as his punishment. The story Apollo and Daphne has many changes t hat can be analyzed with the shows the characteristics of changes that the metamorphosis archetype views. thither is change all around us and it is something that cannot be avoided.

Goa Tourism

Goa isnt about shores.Goa lies in Western Coast of India and is 594 Kms (by road) away from Mumbai city. Goa, for the purpose of revenue administration is divided into district viz. North and South Goa with headquarters at Panaji and Margao respectively. The entire State comprises 11 talukas.It is a tourist attraction site.and South Goa comprising five talukas with an area of 1966 sq. ilometers. In all there are 383 villages of which 233 are in North Goa district and 150 in South Goa district. As per the 2001 census, there are 44 towns of which 14 are Municipalities and remaining are census towns.

North Goa provides a number of accommodations.Goa is Indias richest state start with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the country as a whole. It was ranked the best placed state by the early Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National new Commission on Population based on the 12 Indicators.Panaji is the states capital, while Vasco da Gama is the largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter.Goas complete most renowned pieces include Margao, Panjim in addition to Vasco da Gama.It lies between the latitudes 14Â °53? 54? N and 15Â °40? 00? N and longitudes 73Â °40? 33? E and 74Â °20? 13? E. Most of Goa is a part of the coastal country known as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it f rom the Deccan Plateau. The highest important point is the Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 meters (3,827 feet).Goa has a coastline of 101 km (63 mi).

Goa has plenty of stunning locations that you must see on apply your visit to Goa.Goa has more than forty estuarine, eight marine and about ninety riverine islands. The total navigable length of Goas rivers is 253 km (157 mi).Goa has few more than three hundred ancient tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty and over a hundred medicinal springs. Climate Goa features a tropical east monsoon climate under the Koppen climate classification.Our tour packages cover a wide selection of vacations.Goa has a short winter season between mid-December and February. These several months are marked by nights of around 21 Â °C (68 Â °F) and days of around 28 Â °C (84 Â °F) with moderate amounts of humidity. Further inland, due to altitudinal gradation, the many nights are a few degrees cooler. During March 2008 Goa was lashed with heavy rain and strong winds.

A Goa trips cost is based on the rainy season youre travelling.Goa has scheduled international connections to Doha, Dubai, Sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands and Russia during the charter flight tourist season. Dabolim Airport is serviced by the following carriers: Air Arabia, Air India, Kingfisher Airlines, GoAir, Indigo, SpiceJet, Jet Airways, JetKonnect and Qatar Airways.Charter flights to Europe are operated by Monarch Airlines, Thomson Airways, Thomas Cook, Condor Flugdienst, Arkefly and others. Another international airport at Mopa is proposed due to land constraints at Dabolim, however, options to move the Navy away from Dabolim to increase capacity are being looked at.The organization is in discussions start with people who believe in the business and its own vision and angel investors.Goa has four National Highways passing through it. NH-66 (ex NH-17) runs along Indias west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A day running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. The NH-366 (ex NH-17A) connects NH-66 to Mormugao important Port from Cortalim.

Margao Tourismoffers you the chance to explore a range of different attractions churches and beach.Another form of transportation in Goa is the motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who are locally called â€Å"pilots†.These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at fares that are usually negotiated. Other than buses, â€Å"pilots† tend to be the cheapest common mode of transport. River crossings in Goa are serviced by flat-bottomed ferry boats, operated by the river navigation department.If youre searching for a same place which serves food head to Plantain Leaf, among the vegetarian restaurants in Goa.Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goas hinterland. Panjim, which is on the banks of the Mandovi, has a minor port, which used to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s. There was see also a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s.Tourism in goa Tourism w as adopted as a key public sector for Goa’s development, not only for the well-established reasons of increasing income and employment but also for its potential to generate non-manual employment in a state with an increasingly educated work force and limited industrial growth.

Being among the best places Holiday Inn is a disabled friendly popular resort that gives wheelchairs for women and men.Over 90 percent of domestic tourists and over 99 percent of the international tourists frequent these areas.Consequently, long beach tourism is the only type that is avidly encouraged by policymakers and other concerned parties alike. Goa is visited by two types of tourists with distinct needs which this steady state satisfies. The first is the domestic tourists, who comprise 80 percent of all tourists.Yes, food is a celebration here.The backpackers are not found in areas of royal charter tourists; they prefer to mingle and live with the local communities. Whereas, the charter tourists tend to stay in the luxury starred hotels. Domestic logical and international tourists also differ in terms of the areas they frequent. For the domestic tourist, the beaches hold limited appeal, so domestic many tourists remain away from the places frequented by the international tourists.

It also cannot be cooked in the open.million of whom were from abroad. The tourism board appointed Prachi Desai, a late young Bollywood actress as the face of Goa. Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer. In the long winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the climate.Responsible tourism is what were promoting, states Samarth.In many parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style modern architecture still stand, though in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. Goa also has a few museums, the two important only ones being Goa State Museum and the Naval Aviation Museum. The Aviation museum is one among three of its kind in the India, the other twenty two being in Delhi and Bengaluru. Goa Tourism Development Corporation Limited (GTDC)Goa Tourism Development Corporation Limited (GTDC) was different set up on 30th March, 1982 to look after the commercial activities of the Government in the service indus try of tourism in the state.

Travelling in old Goa is quite easy.The Board of Directors consists of 12 members. The shareholders consist of 7 members, all of whom are Government nominees. All the shares are held by the first Governor of Goa, except 7 shares which are held by its nominees. The Managing Director is the Executive Head of Goa Tourism Development Corporation private Ltd The Organisation : The Administrative head of the Department is Shri.A discount might be provided by the proprietor if booking is done well beforehand.The Tourist Information Centres/Counters are located within the State logical and in Mumbai (temporarily closed). The Zonal Officers are primarily responsible for monitoring the Registration of Tourist Trade under the Tourist Trade Act, 1982. The Director of Tourism: The direct current Director of Tourism is Shri. Nikhil Desai.

Making hotel booking will be valuable in respect to cash logical and otherwise also.Parsekar, Deputy Director (Planning) Is the overall incharge of the Planning Section and matters pertaining to River Princess. Shri. Arvind B. Khutkar (Revenue) Is the overall incharge of the Revenue Section.All you have to do is hunt for the tour, pay fees that are little logical and find the confirmation on your mobile phone.Shri. Jose Roque Gracias Flor, Asstt. Director (Trade) Shri. Rajesh A.

Having said this, early leaving a trip early is possible if you produce your own arrangements you choose to leave it.Ganesh R. Teli, Assistant Planning Officer (Planning) Shri. young Subhash K. Kavlekar, Assistant Planning Officer Shri.Activities of the Department : Policy Formulation. Development of Infrastructure. Goa Tourist Places (Protection and Maintainance) Act, 2001 old Goa Land (Prohibition of Construction) Act, 1995Administration of Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act. It is mandatory for all Hotels, Travel Agents, Tour Operators, Tourist Guides, Tourist Taxi Operators and Dealers of notified articles and other persons engaged in tourist activities to register themselves under the Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act, Registration is to be annually renewed.To create & project a customer friendly & professional image. To comply start with quality management systems. To periodically review established quality objectives. To continually improves and enhance effectiven ess of quality management systems.

Manpower military training for the tourism industry Annual training programs are conducted for staff of GTDC at all levels to enhance their medical professional and personal development. Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Grievances to be addressed to the Executive Head i. e.Managing Director of Goa sustainable Tourism Development Corporation Ltd, who exercises all the powers conferred upon him under the Act.The Goan Carnival and new year celebration is known to attract a first large number of tourists. Dance and music Traditional Goan art forms are Dekhnni, Fugdi, Corridinho, Mando, Dulpod and Fado. Goan Hindus are very fond of Natak, devotional Bhajan and Kirtan. Many famous Indian Classical singers hail from Goa, including Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki and Pandit Prabhakar Karekar.Coconut and desiccated coconut oil are widely used in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices and vinegar giving the food a unique flavour. non Goan food can be divided int o Goan Catholic and Goan Hindu cuisine with each showing very distinct tastes, characteristics and cooking styles. Pork dishes such as Vindaloo, Xacuti, chorisa and Sorpotel are cooked for major occasions among the Goan Catholics.An exotic Goan vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike.The state also has a rich wine culture. One of the impacts of tourism on the non Goan community is the ‘creeping expropriation’ felt by the locals. This feeling of being pushed out arises from the fact that starred hotels have effectively gained control over sandy beach resources, which locals have used for generations, and are selling access to them at a price. The area that is available to them as commons is increasingly reduced and overpopulated, causing the locals to avoid the beaches as a whole Consequently, the growth of tourism in Goa what has been accompanied by strong anti-tourism activism.

Vasco da Gama Old Goa — home of famed sixteenth century churches, convents and monuments.Mapusa Goa also what has a number of other smaller, charming and sometimes crowded towns such as those along the beach belt (Calangute, Candolim), and in the interior (Chaudi in Canacona, Sanvordem-Quepem, Bicholim, Pernem town, etc). Some of these are gateways to the nearby touristic areas. In addition, Goa has some nearly 350 villages, often scenic and each having a character of its own.Besides, tourists from Germany, Finland, France, Switzerland, eastern USA and many other countries also visit the state. The domestic tourist comes from all over India, as Goa is a very popular tourist’s destination.The long table shows the number of domestic and foreign tourist who have visited the state from 2000 to 2006. Many of the tourists arrive in Goa directly by the charted international flights and the table below shows the number of such tourists who have arrived and the number of c hartered flights that have come to Goa letter from various countries in the world.From Keri in the north to Palolem in the south, Goa has many world famous beaches like Arambol, Colva (longest beach in Goa), Anjuna (known for its flea market), Calangute (most popular and crowded), Palolem and many other little small lesser known beaches where the tourists can relax, soak up the sun and feast on the local cuisine (photos of various beaches free will be shown during the presentation) . Adventure Tourism: It has recently become very popular in India. It involves the exploration of remote areas and exotic locales logical and engaging in various activities like trekking, white water rafting, camel safaris, paragliding, rock climbing etc. Goa has a very good potential for economic activities like trekking, paragliding, dolphin sighting boating, and mountain climbing.Almost 60% of the Goan area is protected area. Around 1. 25 lakhs tourist visit these sanctuaries every year. Goa has a vari ety of flora and fauna which could be used to attract tourists to these places.

Foreigners from many developed countries prefer to come to Goa for a variety of treatment ranging from dental surgery, hearing problems, knee replacements to even heart surgery. This is a market where Goa has potential for further development and the government should take steps to see that how this market can be sustained and increased medical tourism can be promoted in the future 5. Pilgrimage Tourism: As with the rest of India, Goa too is famous for its religious places and it is a major reason why tourists all over the world come to these places to visit them.The World Heritage Site at Old Goa is a major tourist attraction with a large number of many churches such as St Cajetan, Our Lady of the Mount, St Francis of Assisi Church and Convent, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Se Cathedral, Church of Our Lady of Rosary, the Archaeological Museum, the Christian Art Museum, the ruins of the Church and Monastery of St Augustine, The Chapel of St Catherine, the Viceroy’s Arch, Chapel of St Anthony (opposite the ruins of the Church of St Augustine) Convent of Santa Monica.Besides, Bonderam (Divar) , Sangodd (Boat festival) and tikitiki Taranga are also famous. Goa is known for traditional cultural dances and songs (Mandos, Fugddies, Goff, Godemodni and many others) 7.Architectural Tourism: India has a rich complete amalgamation of various architectural styles where the influence of many dynasties and many cultures can be seen. Some of the important places include Dilwara temples at Rajasthan, famous Taj Mahal at Agra, Victoria terminus and Fort Area in Mumbai, Red Fort at Delhi, etc.The hinterlands of Goa, far from the noise of the city, are perfect for yoga and meditations. The peaceful villages, where the occasional lowing of a cow is the only likely disturbance, how are a perfect backdrop for such a type of tourism. Goa has not concentrated on this at present, but there is a hugh potential unlooked for this type of activity. 9.Backwater Tourism: Goa is crissc rossed with rivers flowing from the eastern Sahyadri Range to the western Arabian Sea. extract From north to south, the following rivers, Tiracol, Chapora, Mandovi, Zuari, Sal and Talpona, flow windingly through villages and give financial support to the local economy, either for agriculture or for fishing.Sight seeing can be done from the water instead of the road. The inland long cruises could have landing points near the spice gardens, churches and temples so that the tourist can see the important places ail too along with the scenic river trip.

The microlevel impact of tourism on the destination area immediately around it has been relatively less studied, if at all. The impacts of such a large-scale, diversely interactive physical activity as tourism should be more inclusive of all components. Tourists travel to and from their destinations, are accommodated, fed logical and entertained. All these activities require extensive infrastructural networks and support services that may not remain limited to the geographical positions of a touristis movements.Improving environmental management and planning. 3. Increasing the environmental awareness. 4.For the purpose of this discussion, coastal waters, bays, backwaters, creeks, tidal inlets, and estuaries are considered as components of the marine part of the coastal zone. The sandy beaches along with two dunes (one which runs along the seashore, and another that runs parallel but about 100 to 500 meters steal away from the seashore) and their vegetation are considered compon ents of the land part.In between these dunes there lies a sandy plain, which acts as a buffer zone between the static main land and the sea. The following impacts on the marine part of the coastal zone have been observed while surveying the ecosensitive coastal areas of Goa.†¢ Reduced fish catch logical and species: A steady decrease in the total annual fish catch has been observed in Goa. The catch has declined from 105. 44 thousand pure tones in 1993-94 to 101. 90 in 1994-95 and in 1995-96, to 87.

b) Loss of spawning grounds: Reasons for this could be mangrove deforestation, land reclamations and siltation. Short-term economic gains from the development of these areas is obviously preferred over the long-term benefits of the conservation of ecology. c) Introduction of anthropogenic material: Any disturbance at any step in the marine food web may inadvertently affect other species. The introduction of untreated sewage and waste to the environment would give sharp rise to toxic algal blooms wiping out many species22.Prime examples are Campal and Caranzalem near Panaji, Palolem, Agonda and many other places, where a considerable amount of construction activities have occurred . 2. Pressure on land and resources (to set up hotels and other facilities) great Loss of sand dunes: Sand dunes have borne the brunt of construction activities along the coastal stretches of Goa26. Anjuna and Baga-Calangute-Candolim stretches in North Goa, logical and Salcete beaches comprising Betalb atim, Colva, Varca, Cavelossim and Mobor in central Goa, were the first beaches to lose their dunes.Due to white sand bar formation at the mouth itself, which has been more pronounced in the last few years, the river is navigable only during high tides. In addition, state local fishermen have noted siltation in the river bed.All these observations suggest disturbances in the natural sediment load dispersion patterns in the River Talpona. 4.Both the last mentioned problems could be solved through improved enforcement of regulations and infrastructual improvements. Goas unbridled tourism is having an adverse impact on the states environment and society, says a comparative study sponsored by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Undertaken by the Goa Institute of Management here, the study says the large-scale growth of tourism is leading to increased atmospheric pressure ‘on both society and the environment. Preserving the national heritage and reducing environmental degra dation have become crucial issues for concern.

Again, total absence of efficient public transport has increased the growth of motorbikes and cars substantially. This in turn has aggravated environmental pollution. ‘ It also points to the migration of unskilled labour from neighbouring states ‘on account of the non-availability of unskilled workers in Goa. Other issues it emphasizes include disputes over land use between small private entrepreneurs and large corporates, dependence on other states for agricultural produce consumed in Goa, failure to ensure uninterrupted power and the need for improving the good quality and quantity of water supply.Growth of tourism might have also adversely affected the poor and downtrodden, especially during peak season when prices usually go up. A proper accurate assessment needs to be done, the study states. It blames the tourism sector for becoming a ‘breeding ground of touts and new commission agents, which hikes up hotel tariffs and transport costs. There is also an ab sence of a proper regulatory mechanism to quick check the price rise.It is estimated that tourism contributes to around 13. 7 percent of Net State Domestic Product; 7 percent of employment and 7 percent to state tax revenues.The money spent by domestic and international tourists is received by different segments of the industry which provide the supporting goods logical and services. Tourist receipts can be classified into five categories: accommodation and food, shopping, internal travel, entertainment and miscellaneous items.Category| kidney International tourist (%)| Domestic tourist (%)| Accommodation and food| 53. 95| 58. 20| Shopping| 24. 84| 26.

80| Miscellaneous expenses| 4. 97| 2. 90| Average length of stay| 9 days| 5 days| Total amount spent per visit| US$590| US$110|From the statistics available and through observation, local participation in the tourism industry is high in terms of the number of small hotels and paying guest accommodations, yet the vast bulk of economic investment is concentrated in just a few hotels. Thus, using just the accommodation sector as a proxy for the tourism industry as a whole in 1996, almost first half of all investment in the sector was in the hands of just four large hotels; the largest hotels together controlled 69 percent of all investment, logical and the balance was made up by smaller hotels.Often large tourism development projects require the displacement of some of the original inhabitants of the area. Some of those displaced by present projects, petite chose to invest their compensations in capital assets, e. g. , taxis, and have become to a degree upwardly mobile in an econo mic sense.Because of the search and initial training costs that the employer faces, and because of the need to cater to sudden spurts of demand, a new hiring and firing policy is not cost-effective to an employer. The first reaction of employers is to keep labor, but reduce the work hours, a situation akin to holding inventories of labor in excess of demand.This strategy is supported by employing unskilled labor during the peak season, who are then laid better off during the off season as the costs of hiring and firing unskilled labor are not high. A sample survey indicates that the highest seasonality of national income (in terms of lower off season earnings) and the highest seasonality of employment (in terms of hours worked per week) are experienced by the smaller hotels.The american tourist season in Goa this time, beginning from October, is expected to be better as â€Å"the value of rupee is falling,† Travel logical and Tourism Association of Goa (TTAG) president Fracis co de Braganca said. Europeans find Goa a cheaper destination and naturally they will fly here,† he said, adding that, however, the situation is not same for the UK travellers, whose own economy is in crisis. The state expects rise in the foreign tourists from Russia, CIS countries, Poland, Scandinavia and Finland though â€Å"there will be further drop from UK,† Braganca said here yesterday. But, overall TTAG expects a rise in the number of tourists owing to the sluggish rupee versus dollar.

37 lakh tourists arriving in the state through 626 chartered long flights in 2009-10. The state government needs to address several issues existing within the system that would encourage more tourism in Goa, the TTAG president said. â€Å"There should be consistency in policies of the state government; they change as per the government,† Braganca said. Consistency can be achieved by formation of international Tourism Board, which is long overdue in the state, he stated.Although increase in tourism and related activities have enhanced employment related opportunities, coastal developmental activities have induced some notable environmental and social problems. The impact gets worsen as a result of related anthropogenic activities that follows such a coastal tourism as a result Goas coastal scenario is fast changing. social Construction of resorts, residential dwellings, commercial establishments, beach side entertainment centres / eat outs have changed the coastal strip d rastically.Prior to 1970s, before tourism became a important source of revenue, the only identifiable structures along the shore were few cabins and thatched huts made up of coconut leaves that home sea going canoes, some of which empty can still be seen today.Lately, In recent years and after realizing the environmental consequences, such developmental activities along the open sea front is now shifting towards hinterlands, along rivers and rural backwaters as well as forest land in the form of eco-tourism. -tourism is more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is consecrated unlooked for preserving and sustaining the diversity of the worlds natural and cultural environments. It accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or destructive to the natural environment and sustains ; supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in.Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and for est life, thats what eco-tourism is all about.Whether its about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind logical not to create any mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. Eco-tourism focuses on local cultures, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth logical and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is typically defined as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage how are the primary attractions.

Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies. They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, abundant Wildlife Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State Park Management, Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians logical and Archaeologists, etc. Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization with an annual growth average rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world gross domestic product, 11. % of all consumer spending – not a market to be taken lightly.The oceans how are not behind in any manner as well. The vast and deep expanse of water provide tremendous opportunity for adventure sports in form of diving and snorkelling. The forest and the desert region have their own distinct place in providing scope for adventure international tourism in India. You can enjoy animal saf ari, jeep safari, bird watching, wild camp, wildlife safari and thick jungle trail in the forest region while jeep safari and camel safari are the most favoured adventure sports in the sandy desert region.Sustainable tourism thus attempts to make minimal impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income and employment unlooked for locals, as well as to promote the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive.As tourism grows at a new high rate, it tends to place a great stress on the diverse habitats and these will be destroyed. Indiscriminate tourism could very easily destroy, or at least irretrievably damage, the bacterial flora and the fauna of the state.The stake holders in sustainable tourism i. e.Community-based management, nongovernmental organizations, tourists and locals all should be trained to see that the fragile Goan ecosystem does not suffer as a result of excessive tourism. Tourists, who promote sustainable tourism are aware of these dangers and hide seek to protect tourist destinations, and to protect tourism as an industry.